Objective: Extracellular matrix dysregulation in the aortic media has been considered as the intrinsic factor for the formation of thoracic aortic dissection. ... B. Keywords:Extracellular matrix, vascular smooth muscle … Muscle fibers are coated by an extracellular matrix material (ECM), called the basement membrane, and composed of two layers: an internal, basal lamina, directly linked to the plasma membrane of myofibers … 2005; 204(1):198-209 (ISSN: 0021-9541) Peyton SR; Putnam AJ. Spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB), a major cause of infant morbidity and mortality, must involve premature cervical softening/dilation for a preterm vaginal delivery to occur. Increasing evidence suggests that mechanical cues inherent to the extracellular matrix … Keywords:Extracellular matrix, vascular smooth muscle … Single unit smooth muscle, however, is most common and lines blood vessels (except large elastic arteries), the urinary tract, and the digestive tract. Here we focus on the roles of extracellular matrix components and their receptors in the functions of vascular smooth muscle cells. This suggests that the dynamics of airway function are influenced by the expression of several distinct smooth muscle and extracellular matrix proteins.To our knowledge, this is the first study showing an association between airway hyperresponsiveness and smooth muscle … Research into better treatments for asthmatic people normally focuses on the pathology of the cells, and leaves the matrix outside of the equation. … Actin cytoskeletal reorganization facilitates smooth muscle contraction by promoting force transmission between the contractile unit and the extracellular matrix … Extracellular matrix … These developments have led to increased research on SMC. Proliferation and extracellular matrix production by human infragenicular smooth muscle cells in response to interleukin- 1 J3 Elizabeth A. Forsyth, M D , H a m d y M. Aly, M D , P h D , Richard F. Neville, … Recent findings Recent observations highlight the importance of … Title:Extracellular Matrix on the Phenotypic Switching of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells VOLUME: 4 ISSUE: 1 Author(s):Zhongjiang Chen, Yi Fu and Wei Kong Affiliation:Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, P. R. China. We previously reported the non-pregnant human cervix contains considerably more cervical smooth muscle … In the last several years, the development of reagents that recognize smooth muscle-specific proteins has enabled researchers to identify smooth muscle cells (SMC) in tissue undergoing both differentiation and repair. muscle, extracellular matrix and innervation in vulvar lichen. However, the mechanisms of extracellular matrix disorders in the dissected aortic media remain unclear. Small airways (<2 mm in diameter) are probably involved across almost all asthma severities and they show proportionally more structural and functional abnormalities with increasing asthma severity. Most smooth muscle is of the single-unit variety, that is, either the whole muscle contracts or the whole muscle relaxes, but there is multiunit smooth muscle in the trachea, the large elastic arteries, and the iris of the eye. A. Regeneration B. by vascular smooth muscle cells. Sae-II Murtada, Department of Biomechanical Engineering at Yale University | Wednesday, October 30, 2019: 2:30pm - 3:45pm Smooth muscle alpha-actin (αSMA) is the definitive marker for the activated cardiac fibroblast population known as the myofibroblast (Frangogiannis et al., 2000), but this actin isoform is also abundant in vascular smooth muscle … Activated fibroblasts and myofibroblasts. A. Larger groups or bundles of muscle cells … This can happen when “pathological changes in the mechanical properties of the extracellular matrix that surrounds and supports smooth muscle cells in tissue” interfere with the force … Well-organized and distinct extracellular matrix networks exist within both striated and cardiac muscles. Yet, the mechanism behind premature cervical softening/dilation in humans remains unclear. The structural and functional alterations of the epithelium, extracellular matrix and airway smooth muscle … Improving the understanding of airway smooth muscle and extracellular matrix … J. Which type of tissue repair occurs when the new cells are of the same type that were destroyed? Mechanical Strain–Induced Extracellular Matrix Production by Human Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells | Hypertension Abstract—Elevated blood pressure imposes increased mechanical stress on the vascular wall, and mechanical strain is a mitogenic stimulus for vascular smooth muscle … Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), the main component of medial layer of arteries, play an important role in neointimal hyperplasia. After arterial injury, quiescent, contractile VSMCs undergo a change in phenotype; they proliferate and migrate from the media to the intima. 29 Galis ZS, Muszynski M, Sukhova GK, Simon-Morrissey E, Unemori EN, Lark MW, Amento E, Libby P. Cytokine-stimulated human vascular smooth muscle cells synthesize a complement of enzymes required for extracellular matrix … B. Vitamin D modulates the composition of extracellular matrix produced by smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells from human aorta | CM & NH Journal Vitamin D modulates the composition of extracellular matrix produced by smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells … Individual muscle cells are separated by a fine collagen fiber network embedded in a proteoglycan matrix (the endomysium). Smooth muscle C. Cardiac muscle. Alterations in the extracellular matrix (ECM) production and remodeling of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) have been implicated in processes related to the differentiation in atherosclerosis. Vascular smooth muscle cell durotaxis depends on extracellular matrix composition Christopher D. Hartmana, Brett C. Isenberga, Samantha G. Chuaa, and Joyce Y. Wonga,1 aDepartment of Biomedical … ECM degradation and matrix metalloproteinases The matrix … Park, M.D. It has been shown that the extracellular matrix … The vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) is surrounded by a complex extracellular matrix that provides and modulates a variety of biochemical and mechanical cues that guide cell function. A. In addition, studies with both human and rat smooth muscle cells have shown that these growth factors and extracellular matrix molecules can modulate smooth muscle cell phenotype in vitro (14,20,92; … Has many cells and very little extracellular matrix … Chronic respiratory disease affects many people worldwide with little known about the intricate mechanisms driving the pathology, making it difficult to develop novel therapies. Invited Review HIGHLIGHTED TOPIC Biomechanics and Mechanotransduction in Cells and Tissues Mechanical, biochemical, and extracellular matrix effects on vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype … The latest volume in the Biology of the Extracellular Matrix … J Cell Physiol. Tallquist, in Encyclopedia of Cardiovascular Research and Medicine, 2018. Title:Extracellular Matrix on the Phenotypic Switching of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells VOLUME: 4 ISSUE: 1 Author(s):Zhongjiang Chen, Yi Fu and Wei Kong Affiliation:Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, P. R. China. Both PDGF and TGF-β increase production of versican and biglycan (17, 29). IL-1 secreted by macrophages increases decorin syn-thesis (30), while inhibiting versican synthesis (31) by smooth muscle cells. Replacement C. Inflammation D. Edema. 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