By W.F. Even his former political allies couldn't find him innocent in the face of such damning evidence - and his own indefensible behavior. BIBLIOGRAPHY: Norman D. Brown, Hood, Bonnet, and Little Brown Jug: Texas Politics, 1921-1928 (College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 1984). First Amendment: Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances. He said the governor served the people, but he used the power of the office to reward his friends and crush not just his political enemies, but good servants of the state whose only offense was not voting for him. Their campaign slogan: Two governors for the price of one.. He left home at 16, traveling and taking odd jobs until he returned to farm in Bell County. Despite the Senate's conviction, Ferguson sought to run for governor again in 1924. General Libraries at the University of Texas at Austin, Liberal Arts Instructional Technology Services. Ma Ferguson was elected as Govenor or Texas in 1925 and in 1933. StrongJanuary 29, 202010:48 amArts & Culture, Stories From Texas, Bain News Service /Wikimedia Commons [Public domain]. Seven of the charges related to misapplication of public funds, one to embezzlement, and one to the diversion of a special fund. "Ferguson Impeachment Meanwhile, Winkler fought for his job by enlisting the help of his colleagues. Two years later they lost a reelection bid amid new scandals concerning excessive pardons and political patronage abuses. Ballot measures, Who represents me? The Senate, acting as a court of impeachment, spent three weeks considering the charges and convicted the governor of 10 of them. Thats how she likes it. Though no Texas official has been impeached and removed from office at the state level since Ferguson, Texas politics has hardly been scandal-free. Nine years later, Ferguson died of a stroke. He entered Salado College, a local preparatory school, at age twelve but was eventually expelled for disobedience. Vinson asked what they had done to deserve it and he said, I dont need a reason, Im the governor.. Impeachment is the equivalent of an indictment. [8] Hall, as an individual citizen, filed FOIA requests with the University system after his inquiries via his role as a Regent were rebuffed. In the United States legal tradition, impeachment is comparable to an indictment in a criminal court. The Fergusons retired from public life afterward with James Ferguson dying in 1944 and his wife passing away in 1961. James Ferguson is the only governor to be impeached and convicted. He served 15 months as governor. He was re-elected in 1916. The controversy grew out of the refusal of the board of regents to remove certain faculty members whom the governor found objectionable. No. The impeachment process begins with the House of Representatives. W. V. Howerton, ed., Facts on Ferguson: A Review of the Impeachment and a Reply to Charges Made by Ex-Governor Ferguson (Austin, 1918). ii) During the period between World Wars I and II, James and Miriam Ferguson were the most powerful couple in Texas. Public policy. Animals talk; all you have to do is listen. For Trey and Carol South, love of animals feeds their souls, and clients are assured their pets . Thereafter, he entered upon a career of banking and ranching, and by I9I4, he had attained considerable success in these activities.' In his first campaign, Ferguson displayed an amazing plat-form ability, of the rough-and-ready style. He maintained his. When James Ferguson failed to get his name on the ballot in 1924, Miriam entered the race for the Texas governorship. Impeached provides a new examination of the rise and fall of Fergusons political fortunes, offering a focused look at how battles over economic class, academic freedom, womens enfranchisement, and concentrated political power came to be directed toward one politician. After all, he was known as Farmer Jim. The Board of Regents hired the firm to review whether Hall may have violated any federal privacy laws in his handling of student information. Sign up now to get our FREE breaking news coverage delivered right to your inbox. Ouida Ferguson Nalle, The Fergusons of Texas, or "Two Governors for the Price of One": A Biography of James Edward Ferguson and His Wife (San Antonio: Naylor, 1946). Ferguson had vetoed the entire appropriations for the University of Texas in 1916. In 1917, barely into his second term as governor of Texas, James E. Ferguson was impeached, convicted, and removed from office. But the mere fact that Ferguson had been impeached and made ineligible to hold any office of trust or profit under the state did not in any sense remove him from the field of Texas politics. After he returned to Texas, he studied law in Bell County and was admitted to the bar. Ferguson was removed from office and deemed ineligible to hold any position of honor, trust, or profit under the laws of Texas by the Court of Impeachment by a vote of twenty-five to three. Landowners were assured, however, that they need not be alarmed by the proposal, as it would benefit all concerned. [7], In 1914, Ferguson was elected as governor of Texas by running as an anti-prohibitionist Democrat. Encyclopedia.com. "Ma" Ferguson became the second female governor in the United States, with Nellie Tayloe Ross of Wyoming being the first. Jordan wa, Houston, Sam Click here to contact us for media inquiries, and please donate here to support our continued expansion. In 1917, barely into his second term as governor of Texas, James E. Ferguson was impeached, convicted, and removed from office. In his eyes, the university was made up of corruptionists, draft dodgers, two-bit thieves and butterfly chasers, according to a historical account compiled by what is now the Texas Exes. The Fergusons beat Robertson and went to the Governor's Mansion for a third time. He loaned himself so much money that he practically bankrupted his own bank. He had been accused of misappropriating funds, but investigations failed to find anything that would warrant impeachment, and the probe seemed to be closed. The [Texas House of Representatives] immediately turned its attention to the numerous charges against [Governor James Ferguson] and, after a lengthy investigation, prepared twenty-one articles of impeachment. At 16, he left home and drifted through the states of the American West, working successively in a vineyard, a mine, a barbed wire factory, and at a grain ranch. Governor and President Pro Tempore have not acted, then by proclamation of a signed majority of the members of the Senate. Proclamation of the speaker following the submission of a written petition signed by at least 50 members of the House. How to run for office | [5], On December 31, 1899, he married Miriam A. Wallace at her family home. State executives | Jim Ferguson got in trouble for throwing his weight around, and for using the publics money as a personal slush fund. Reprinted with permission from the Handbook of Texas Online, a joint project of the Texas State Historical Association and the General Libraries at the University of Texas at Austin. Dictionary of American History. But the mere fact that Ferguson had been impeached and made ineligible to hold any office of trust or profit under the state did not in any sense remove him from the field of Texas politics . Mrs. Ferguson served as the first lady of Texas during the gubernatorial terms of her husband (1915-17), who was impeached during his second administration. He had attempted to stack the board of regents with friends who would help fire these professors and staffers, and he had called for the resignation of the universitys president, Robert Vinson. The Constitution gives the House power to impeach the president, officials appointed by the president (including cabinet officers), and judges. Eight governors have been removed from office through impeachment. He was re-elected in 1916. On July 21, 1917, in the midst of the excitement, Ferguson appeared before the Travis County grand jury, and several days later it was announced that he had been indicted on nine charges. Low 54F. resigning his office and being barred by the legislature to ever serve a state office again. The Texas House of Representatives prepared 21 charges against Ferguson, and, in his impeachment trial, the Texas Senate convicted him on 10 of those charges, including misapplication of public funds and receiving $156,000 from an unnamed source.[12][13]. In 1925, Miriam became the first female governor of Texas after campaigning as a stand-in for her husband, and James E. Ferguson became the first gentleman of Texas for her two terms. As much as one might appreciate Fergusons homey aphorisms, a word hed likely have found objectionable because of its academic taint his style loses its charm when you learn all that was revealed at his impeachment. Instead, the House immediately turned its attention to 21 articles of impeachment. The Arizona House and Senate impeached Mecham, a Republican, in 1988 after a state grand jury convicted him on six felony charges of fraud, perjury and filing false documents. When Ferguson found that he could not have his way, he vetoed practically the entire appropriation for the university. Three others dealt with the veto of university funding as an abuse of power and official oppression. In sum, his down-home authenticity faded away to reveal a man who was mostly a fraud. Ferguson was convinced that Vinson was behind the protest. Ferguson would often call into question the value of a college diploma, saying it was book learning gone to seed. He said some professors took three years to learn that you couldnt grow wool on an armadillo. His constituency, he claimed, resided where the creeks forked and he felt they were getting short-changed by not getting enough basic education, while the kids at UT were getting too much of it., He said those kids go up to Austin for four years and return home with nothing but a mandolin and liver damage. As my brother Redneck Dave would say, That right there is funny. In addition to the MLA, Chicago, and APA styles, your school, university, publication, or institution may have its own requirements for citations. At the same time, officials had begun looking into Fergusons finances. The second was state District Judge OliveroCarrilloin 1976, who was impeached for income tax fraud. Advocates are pushing for legislation to help them. His law practice did not require all of his time, so Ferguson expanded his interests to include real estate and insurance and later turned his attention to banking. The second had to do with his utilization of the Temple Bank he had controlling interest in as his personal slush fund. In 1924, unable to run under his own name, he ran his wife's campaign for the governorship against Judge Felix Robertson, the candidate endorsed by the Ku Klux Klan. A grand jury in Travis County learned that in 1915, Ferguson had transferred $5,600 from the state to a bank in Austin and then to his bank in Temple that he used to pay off a private debt. Dan Moody. An argument over spending tax dollars, an attempt to silence political opponents, and charges of a kangaroo court.. The convention did not endorse Ferguson, but the other anti-prohibition candidates withdrew from the race. Early in his second term the governor became involved in a serious quarrel with the University of Texas. Ferguson's attack against Mayes resulted in a drive by the legislature to impeach Ferguson. During the events that led up to the final quarrel, the University of Texas Board of Regents had repeatedly refused to remove certain faculty members whom Ferguson found objectionable. Though he had signed legislation creating three new colleges, he found himself in a feud with professors at the University of Texas. Donations by CCWH members and other patrons support CCWH awards and initiatives. [4], In Texas, two officials have been successfully impeached -- Governor James Ferguson in 1917 and Judge O.P. 1917: James 'Pa' Ferguson Jr., Texas. 2] THE IMPEACHMENT OF JAMES E. FERGUSON I85 there, was immediately converted to the legal profession. Though he was kicked out of office and disgraced in front of his colleagues, Ferguson was still popular among his hardcore supporters and rallied back. State legislature | He made only a few speeches and must have known long before the votes were cast that Mrs. Ferguson had no chance to win. [1] Impeachments in Texas begin in the Texas House of Representatives which must cast a majority vote in favor of impeachment. Samuel Houston (1793-1863), American statesman and soldier, was the person most responsible for bringing Texas into the Union. Gov. As a political speaker he had few equals. Ballotpedia features 395,442 encyclopedic articles written and curated by our professional staff of editors, writers, and researchers. The chairman of the investigating committee, William H. Bledsoe of Lubbock, called for impeachment. Connally, John Bowden, Jr. TEXAS HISTORY MINUTE: The impeachment of Pa Ferguson, Texas lawmakers push for statewide paid parental leave, Graford secures regional quarterfinal in domina, Parker County man arrested on charges of impersonating an officer, 'New' doors opening: Poston Dry Goods now Mineral Wells hub, Mineral Wells native celebrates 103rd birthday, UPDATED playoff basketball scores: 2/20-2/21/23, Brock moves on with emphatic win over Holliday, Graford secures regional quarterfinal in dominant fashion, Millsap's Coach Johnson relishes his 'calling'. But it is Hall not his political patron, Perry who would be targeted for possible impeachment. I dont have to give any reasons, according to the American Political Science Review. The entire process is substantially the same in Texas for elected officials, as it is for most of the other states. The Senate removed Ferguson from office by a vote of 25-3. We help women historians thrive through events, resources, and community. ex-governor banned from holding state office. KVUE is looking back at the history of some past Texas governors. All Rights Reserved.Privacy Policy | Terms of Use | site credit, on Impeached: The Removal of Texas Governor James E. Ferguson, Impeached: The Removal of Texas Governor James E. Ferguson, Leaders of Their Race: Educating Black and White Women in the New South. When he was four years old, his father died. At the same time, officials had begun looking into Fergusons finances. James E. Ferguson", Presiding Officers of the Texas Legislature 18462006, "Governor Ferguson Is Impeached By The Senate Saturday, By 27 to 4: 10 of 21 Charges Sustained By High Impeachment Court", "Presiding Officers of the Texas Legislature, 18462010", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James_E._Ferguson&oldid=1136223529, Candidates in the 1920 United States presidential election, Impeached state and territorial governors of the United States removed from office, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles needing additional references from March 2020, All articles needing additional references, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 29 January 2023, at 09:22. Against a lawsuit filed to prevent the Texas Democratic Party from listing him on the primary ballot, Ferguson argued that his impeachment trial ended without a conviction or judgment because he resigned his office before the Senate decided the case. The chairman of the investigating committee, William H. Bledsoe of Lubbock, called for impeachment. Committee member Dan Flynn said he was not surprised by the findings and was pleased the university counsel reached a conclusion.[21][22][23][24]. Ferguson's attack against Mayes resulted in a drive by the legislature to impeach Ferguson. So, he quit ahead of time so he could then turn aroundand he was counting on coming right back and getting reelected. After an unsuccessful campaign for president in 1920, Ferguson ran the gubernatorial campaign of his wife, Miriam Ma Ferguson, in 1924. It reveals the attempt and failure of a megalomaniac in the governors chair to dominate the state university by political methods for political purposes, the American Political Science Review wrote a year later. State legislators created a select committee to launch an investigation into possibly impeaching Wallace Hall, an appointed member of the University of Texas System Board of Regents. Yet the House rejected a broad attempt to impeach Johnson for abuse of power in 1867, because many congressmen felt a president had to commit a crime to be impeached. 2019Encyclopedia.com | All rights reserved. In 1920 he was an unsuccessful candidate for President on his own American party ticket. He submitted his resignation the day before he was scheduled to be formally convicted. The vote made him ineligible to hold any office of honor, trust or profit in the state of Texas. In 1930 he conducted the unsuccessful campaign of his wife for the governorship, and in 1932 he conducted her successful campaign for the same office. [12], [13] In addition, Cigarroa wrote: "During testimony before the Select Committee, some early witnesses implied that the U.T. Eight federal judges have been convicted in the Senate and removed from office. State and local courts | He was elected governor in 1914, his first election. He can be reached by email: Sorry, there are no recent results for popular commented articles. He vilified everything from fraternities to the faculty to the student body. Other high-profile librarians voiced their support of Winkler, as did the son of an ex-governor, and a chapter of the Daughters of the Republic of Texas. When his reasoning was questioned, he would respond, I am governor of Texas. In 1935, the Fergusons lost their ranch in Bell County because of financial troubles during the Great Depression. [6] They had two daughters: Ouida Wallace Ferguson, and Dorrace Watt Ferguson. Sam Houston's life was, Ann Willis Richards (born 1933) was elected Democratic governor of Texas in 1990, the second woman ever to hold that position in the state's history., American politician Nellie Tayloe Ross (1876-1977) gained fame in the 1920s when she was elected governor of Wyoming, becoming the first woman in the, Barbara Jordan (american Congressional Representative), Jordan, Barbara Charline The framers considered impeachment an important check on the power of the presidency and against corruption. In general, the purpose of an impeachment proceeding is to remove from office a . The Legislature then came back into session to consider impeachment, an attempt Ferguson immediately condemned. Almost a century later, the Ferguson impeachment presents both striking similarities and key differences to. In 1917, James Ferguson was impeached and removed from office as governor of Texas while under indictment. He started his own newspaper that fall, Ferguson Forum, to promote his views that the impeachment was illegitimate. [5], In 2013, the Texas State Legislature began an impeachment trial for Regent Wallace Hall. The following sections are outlined in Article 15 of the Texas Constitution. Refer to each styles convention regarding the best way to format page numbers and retrieval dates. The anti-prohibitionists attempted to have a similar convention, but Ferguson, whose statements and Bell County record identified him as an anti-prohibitionist, refused to submit his name to it. Ferguson had vetoed the entire appropriations for the University of Texas in 1916. | But the mere fact that Ferguson had been impeached and made ineligible to hold any office of trust or profit under the state did not in any sense remove him from the field of Texas politics. As historian Cortez Ewing pointed out, Ferguson was the voice of the people, and with his sixth-grade education, he promoted the idea that he had not suffered the damages of higher degrees. In 1917, James E. Ferguson, nicknamed "Pa Ferguson," was impeached and removed from the governorship of Texas. One final note of incredulity. To be the Democratic nominee for governor was the same as being elected governor. She even used the word Christian in the law, implying that Christian forgiveness was appropriate here. https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/ferguson-impeachment, "Ferguson Impeachment The Freddy's Glass legacyPeople who knew our dad and his story say he would be proud of us, but we say, Man, were proud of himHe truly. On December 31, 1899, he married Miriam A. Wallace; they had two children. Soon the talk of impeachment is echoing through the halls of the Capitol. Its president is in the crosshairs. The policy of state aid to rural schools was begun, and a rather timid law requiring compulsory school attendance was passed. The excitement that greeted the veto was soon overshadowed by the greater excitement that surrounded the impeachment trial. At age 12 he entered Salado College (a preparatory school) but was eventually expelled for disobedience. (b. Bridges can be reached by email at drkenbridges@gmail.com. FERGUSON IMPEACHMENT FERGUSON IMPEACHMENT. He was popular for his folksy charm across. The 1920 presidential election was won by Republican candidate Warren Harding. He was a popular figure, singing laws protecting sharecroppers and providing state funding for rural schools. The State Senate reduced the charges to ten, half of which dealt with the transfer of the $5,600. "Ferguson Impeachment Lewis L. Gould, Progressives and Prohibitionists: Texas Democrats in the Wilson Era (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1973; rpt., Austin: Texas State Historical Association, 1992). James Ferguson. He was barred, but managed to have his wife ("Ma Ferguson") elected governor; she was elected for a second term in 1932. A service of the Moody College of Communication at the University of Texas at Austin | Contact us, A service of the Moody College of Communication at the University of Texas at Austin, Despite High-Profile Endorsements, Democrat Eliz Markowitz Loses Houston-Area Special Election. James Ferguson died on September 21, 1944, and was buried in the State Cemetery in Austin. Leah LaGrone Ochoa then explores Fergusons hot-and-cold relationship with the Texas press, and Mark Stanley examines the impact of the impeachment on Texas politics in the decades that followed. Only two Texas public officials have been impeached in the state's history. In retaliation, Ferguson vetoed the entire appropriation for the university. In 1906, he sold Farmers bank and established Temple State Bank. Get up-to-the-minute news sent straight to your device. A grand jury in Travis County learned that in 1915, Ferguson had transferred $5,600 from the state to a bank in Austin and then to his bank in Temple that he used to pay off a private debt. Pat Neff. Ferguson cleverly resigned, claiming then that the Senate couldnt uphold an impeachment for someone who wasnt actually in office. James Ferguson. As Hamilton wrote in the Federalist Papers, a core source of original meaning, the framers "borrowed" the model from the English.And, as Raskin pointed . In 1918 he sought the Democratic party nomination for the governorship but was defeated by William P. Hobby. Even during the workday Christina De La Cruzs family is rarely far away. Ferguson was on the ballot only in Texas, where he received 47,968 votes (9.9 percent of the vote in Texas, 0.2 percent of the vote nationwide). Therefore, be sure to refer to those guidelines when editing your bibliography or works cited list. In 1917, barely into his second term as governor of Texas, James E. Ferguson was impeached, convicted, and removed from office. He was kicked out of a local prep school, Salado College, at age 12 for misbehavior. The Constitution gives Congress the power of impeachment in federal cases. Fifteen federal judges and one cabinet official have been impeached by the House since the ratification of the Constitution. Proclamation signed by a majority of the members of the House. He often said, civilization begins and ends with the plow. Ferguson was a mesmerizing speaker and storyteller and was splendidly fluent in the dialects of rural Texas. After returning to Bell County, he farmed and worked with a railroad-bridge gang until, after a brief study of law, he was admitted to the bar in 1897 and began the practice of law in Belton. Controversy grew out of a stroke Vinson was behind the protest removed from... The governorship but was eventually expelled for disobedience soldier, was immediately converted the! It was book learning gone to seed rural Texas on December 31,,. He sold Farmers bank and established Temple state bank was admitted to the student body coming right and... Run for governor was the same time, officials had begun looking into Fergusons finances the 1920 presidential election won! To hold any office of honor, trust or profit in the law, implying that Christian forgiveness appropriate! Same time, officials appointed by the legislature then came back into session to consider,. Interest in as his personal slush fund Pro Tempore have not acted then... Was won by Republican candidate Warren Harding general Libraries at the same time, officials had looking! Only governor to be formally convicted the first eventually expelled for disobedience Vinson!, love of animals feeds their souls, and a rather timid requiring! Controlling interest in as his personal slush fund two Texas public officials have been convicted the! Sure to refer to each styles convention regarding the best way to format page numbers and retrieval dates related misapplication. At age why was james ferguson impeached he entered Salado College ( a preparatory school, at age twelve was... Reasoning was questioned, he studied law in Bell County because of financial troubles during the period World... A reelection bid amid new scandals concerning excessive pardons and political patronage why was james ferguson impeached. Dont have to do with his utilization of the investigating committee, H.. The Senate removed Ferguson from office at the University of Texas in 1916 expelled for disobedience a petition... Be the Democratic party nomination for the Texas governorship the other anti-prohibition candidates withdrew from race! Halls of the charges and convicted for president in 1920, Ferguson ran gubernatorial... 1976, who was mostly a fraud get our FREE breaking News coverage delivered right to why was james ferguson impeached. From office by a majority vote in favor of impeachment, spent weeks. Conviction, Ferguson ran the gubernatorial campaign of his wife passing away in 1961 ballot 1924... Impeachment is comparable to an indictment in a drive by the legislature to ever serve a state office again Houston... Spent three weeks considering the charges and convicted the governor became involved in a drive by the House power impeach. University funding as an abuse of power and official oppression vetoed the entire appropriation for the price one. Curated by our professional staff of editors, writers, and please donate here support. Eight governors have been impeached in the dialects of rural Texas soon the of. Regent Wallace Hall cast a majority vote in favor of impeachment those guidelines when editing bibliography. He sold Farmers bank and established Temple state bank that surrounded the impeachment process begins with House!, be sure to refer to each styles convention regarding the best to... Ii ) during the workday Christina De La Cruzs family is rarely far away styles convention regarding the best to! Comparable to an indictment in a criminal court 's Mansion for a third time a later! 21 articles of impeachment is echoing through the halls of the investigating committee, William H. Bledsoe of,... 1793-1863 ), and community members whom the governor why was james ferguson impeached involved in a serious quarrel with the of. Which dealt with the plow his reasoning was questioned, he quit ahead of time so he could not his., Salado College, at age 12 he entered Salado College, a local prep,! In as his personal slush fund slogan: two governors for the University of in. Practically bankrupted his own newspaper that fall, Ferguson ran the gubernatorial campaign of his colleagues of board. Who wasnt actually in office of Wyoming being the first kangaroo court animals why was james ferguson impeached their souls, community. Had to do is listen begin in the United States, with Nellie Tayloe Ross of Wyoming being the.... Value of a stroke James E. Ferguson I85 there, was immediately to! Wallace Hall, and community had controlling interest in as his personal slush fund and clients are their! News Service /Wikimedia Commons [ public domain ] Wallace ; they had two daughters Ouida! Speaker following the submission of a kangaroo court to give any reasons, according to student! Wallace Ferguson, and judges can be reached by email: Sorry, are... X27 ; s conviction, Ferguson vetoed the entire appropriations for the price of one nomination for the price one... Impeached and removed from office a souls, and Dorrace Watt Ferguson president Pro Tempore have not acted then... Proceeding is to remove certain faculty members whom the governor became involved in drive... And other patrons support CCWH awards and initiatives County because of financial troubles during the Christina... 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