OSHA promulgated the Final Rule for Powered Industrial Truck Operator Training [29 CFR 1910.178(1)], which: Requires operator training and licensing as well as periodic evaluations of operator performance. The body becomes part of the circuit c. The Law of Conservation of Matter must be followed. They come in a variety of styles and are made from many different materials. "Two-point adjustable suspension scaffolds (swing stages)." Found a mistake? For example, if lumber is used, it must be construction grade or Number 1 Grade spruce. By the user only b. Plumb c. By a contractor d. Plumb and level e. Level c Safe rigging practice dictates that weight estimates of objects to be lifted, when the objects are relatively lightweight, should be accurate within plus or minus _____. Non-cross-laminated wood boatswains' chairs shall be reinforced on their underside by cleats securely fastened to prevent the board from splitting. Why do we characterize the heat conduction ability of insulators in terms of their apparent thermal conductivity instead of the ordinary thermal conductivity? Scaffold erection shall progress in only one direction around any structure. Audiometric testing monitors an employees hearing: Acute silicosis occurs after a few months or as long as 2 years following exposures to ________ concentrations of respirable crystalline silica. Manual materials is the most common category of compensable injuries in the United States work force, with four out of five of those injuries involving: When manually moving materials, employees should always try to lift it alone if a load is so bulky it cannot be properly grasped or lifted, when they cannot see around or over it, or when a load cannot be safely handled. Find a more appropriate tool that doesnt cause debris to fly Ladders are used to provide access to different levels of the scaffold, although sometimes steps will be used to improve safety. In the case of materials handling, storage, use and disposal, remember that the main hazards are injuries from: Because the number of injuries from operating powered industrial trucks was on the rise, the OSHA standard for Powered Industrial Trucks was revised March 1, 1999. Any part of a building or structure used to support the scaffold shall be capable of supporting the maximum intended load to be applied. 6, 1979, as amended at 55 FR 47687, Nov. 14, 1990; 61 FR 46025, Aug. 30, 1996; 85 FR 8736, February 18, 2020], Occupational Safety & Health Administration. 1926.452 (c) (3) Frames and panels shall be joined together vertically by coupling or stacking pins or equivalent means. Overhead supporting members (roof structure, ceiling beams, or other structural members) shall be inspected and checked for strength before the scaffold is erected. Name the three types of scaffolds and describe their main characteristics Do not force frames or . Move the scaffold into your desired position, and make sure it is level and secure. The posts shall not be spaced more than 2.0 Mtrs. A scaffold is a temporary, elevated platform that construction workers use for working safely at elevations. (w) of appendix A to this subpart; "Stilts." When an employee is using stilts on a large area scaffold where a guardrail system is used to provide fall protection, the guardrail system shall be increased in height by an amount equal to the height of the stilts being used by the employee. There are several important scaffolding design guidelines and safety rules that pertain to working on a scaffold: Guardrails and/or fall arrest systems are mandatory when working over 10 feet up. 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Scaffolds must be erected, dismantled, or moved only by properly trained workers. Scaffolding means a convenient platform for persons to work at height. Powder-actuated tools are extremely dangerous, with a firing mechanism similar to that of: If a powder-actuated tool misfires, the employee should: Wait at least 30 seconds, then try firing again. Personal Fall Arrest System, Guardrail System, or 3/4 inch (1.9 cm) grabline or equivalent handhold securely fastened beside each crawling board. The erection and dismantling of the scaffolds must be done based on the instructions set out in the design drawings. Activate your 30 day free trialto unlock unlimited reading. scaffold, and the suspended scaffold. Scaffolds shall not exceed three tiers in height, and shall be so constructed and arranged that one square rests directly above the other. Erecting Scaffolding Safely. Smith, Michael Abbott, Fundamentals of Engineering Economic Analysis, David Besanko, Mark Shanley, Scott Schaefer. Add lukewarm water to two plastic cups. Do not erect, dismantle or alter a scaffold unless under the supervision of a competent person. The inboard end of outrigger beams, measured from the fulcrum point to the extreme point of anchorage, shall be not less than one and one-half times the outboard end in length. Scaffold 0c8be2a1 9996-490a-99c0-6ef40baed98a. All joints must be Chicken Ladder. Each wire rope used for securing brackets in place or as an anchorage for personal fall arrest systems shall be protected from damage due to contact with edges, corners, protrusions, or other discontinuities of the supporting structure or scaffold components. When two or more scaffolds are used they shall not be bridged one to another unless they are designed to be bridged, the bridge connections are articulated, and the hoists are properly sized. ( 1) Scaffolds made of wood shall be reinforced with gussets on both sides of each corner. Whats going on at the molecular level? Power systems used to propel mobile scaffolds shall be designed for such use. Poles shall be secured to the structure by rigid triangular bracing or equivalent at the bottom, top, and other points as necessary. C. Both A and B PLUMB/LEVEL/SQUARE. . Each bracket, at the contact point between the supporting structure and the bottom of the bracket, shall be provided with a shoe (heel block or foot) capable of preventing the lateral movement of the bracket. Scaffold platforms shall not be placed any higher than the second highest rung or step of the ladder supporting the platform. Personal Fall Arrest System. Scaffolds made of wood shall be reinforced with gussets on both sides of each corner. U-bolt wire rope clips shall not be used on any wire rope used to secure brackets or to serve as an anchor for personal fall arrest systems. Scaffolds over 125 feet (38.0 m) in height above their base plates shall be designed by a registered professional engineer, and shall be constructed and loaded in accordance with such design. Make sure a proper access is provided. The poles, legs, or uprights of scaffolds must be plumb, and securely and rigidly braced to prevent swaying and displacement. a) square b) straight c) without braces d) vibration free e) level B Prior to hoisting an object it is best to a) know the route required b) know or calculate the mass c) measure its length d) attach at least two . Scaffolds are plumb, square, level and situated on base . C. To send every worker home whole and healthy every day All brace connections shall be secured. Plan the scaffolding setup a few weeks before the start of the project to make sure the scaffold fits the site. 3. How to Erect Access Frame Scaffolding How to Erect Access Frame Scaffolding www.worksafebc.com Select . They must obtain information from the scaffold manufacturer, supplier, site management, and consult with the workers who undertake the erecting, altering or dismantling of the scaffolds. Fasten all couplers and/or connections securely before assembling the next level . No more than one platform shall be placed between consecutive vertical pickups, and no more than two platforms shall be used on a catenary scaffold. The poles, legs, or uprights of scaffolds must be plumb, and securely and rigidly braced to prevent swaying and displacement. D. A hole of any shape with a depth that exceeds 15 feet. Each bracket, except those for wooden bracket-form scaffolds, shall be attached to the supporting formwork or structure by means of one or more of the following: nails; a metal stud attachment device; welding; hooking over a secured structural supporting member, with the form wales either bolted to the form or secured by snap ties or tie bolts extending through the form and securely anchored; or, for carpenters' bracket scaffolds only, by a bolt extending through to the opposite side of the structure's wall. Building ties shall be installed at the bearer levels between the transverse bracing and shall conform to the requirements of 1926.451(c)(1). If the hoist tower is not enclosed, the hoist platform or car must be totally enclosed on all sides for the full height between the floor and: The greatest hazards posed by hand tools result from: Power tools should never be carried by the cord or hose or be yanked from a receptacle by the cord or hose; and cords and hoses should be kept away from: Sharp, abrasive, pinching, or otherwise hazardous moving parts of power tools: Must have protective guard to prevent contact with workers. The height to base width ratio of the scaffold during movement is two to one or less, unless the scaffold is designed and constructed to meet or exceed nationally recognized stability test requirements such as those listed in paragraph 2. Outrigger beams shall be secured in place against movement, and shall be securely braced at the fulcrum point against tipping. A training program to teach proper lifting techniques should cover: Knowledge of the basic anatomy of the spine, muscles, and joints of the trunk. Electrocution, electric shock, burns, indirect (e.g., a fall from a ladder). Secure access to the scaffold. Personal Fall Arrest System. 6. When a heat-producing process such as gas or arc welding is being conducted, boatswains' chair seat slings shall be a minimum of three-eight (3/8) inch (1.0 cm) wire rope. In this article, Civil Engineer and Construction Safety Expert, Robert J. O'Connor discusses the anatomy of a baker scaffold, proper assembly, common hazards and relevant safety standards. Choose one answer. You do not have access to www.concreteconstruction.net. Scaffolds shall be securely attached to the window opening. When erected and used properly, it serves its function well. Scaffolding Injuries Approximately 2.3 million construction workers work on scaffolds regularly. 9. "Bricklayers' square scaffolds (squares). scaffold are exposed, and describe at least one method of hazard prevention for 1926.452 (c) (4) Transverse bracing forming an "X" across the width of the scaffold shall be installed at the scaffold ends and at least at every third set of posts horizontally (measured from only one end) and every fourth runner vertically. Be supported by bearing blocks securely attached to the poles. True or False: There is usually some form of warning before a cave-in. Ensure the scaffold has not been compromised by snow or ice conditions. According to OSHA standard 1926.451 (g) (1), anyone working on a scaffold more than 10 feet above a lower level must be protected from falling to that lower level. Enjoy access to millions of ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, and more from Scribd. If this is the approach at your job site, then: You must clean and disinfect the eyewear between each use. All diagonal . Tube and coupler scaffolds over 125 feet in height shall be designed by a registered professional engineer, and shall be constructed and loaded in accordance with such design. Use of fall protection above 10 feet. True or False: Before the advent of OSHA, a cohesive system of separate rules existed that effectively governed the American workplace. Scaffolds are commonly used in construction work so that workers have a safe, stable platform on which to work when work cannot be done at ground level or on a finished floor. Protect themselves by wearing the proper PPE C. Wear goggles or safety spectacles Scaffolding must be installed by a competent person, following regulations, the manufacturer's instructions, and good engineering practice. One who is capable of identifying existing and predictable hazards in the surroundings, or working conditions which are unsanitary, hazardous, or dangerous to employees, and who has authorization to take prompt corrective measures to eliminate them is a/n ______________: Providing worker training on the safe use of the equipment being operated is the responsibility of the: To protect against caught-in or -between hazards, a worker should not only avoid wearing loose clothing or jewelry, but also a worker should avoid: Performing maintenance or adjustment on equipment/machinery that hasnt been locked-out. Faults: Damaged. A scaffold must be erected "plumb, square, and level," because: If a scaffold is built even a few degrees off plumb, the resulting instability could cause the weight of the scaffold to shift, potentially causing the overloading of one leg and the eventual collapse of the scaffold. Window jacks shall not be used to support planks placed between one window jack and another, or for other elements of scaffolding. Two other errors mentioned in this module that often lead to trouble are: Improper maintenance and failure to conduct regular inspections. The first step in building a scaffold is to: A scaffold must be erected plumb, square, and level, because: If a scaffold is built even a few degrees off plumb, the resulting instability could cause the weight of the scaffold to shift, potentially causing the overloading of one leg and the eventual collapse of the scaffold. The scaffold must be erected and used in accordance with OSHA regulations. Not tied. each of the hazards. When horses are arranged in tiers, the legs of each horse shall be nailed down or otherwise secured to prevent displacement. The use of safe lifting postures and timing ( 2) Diagonal braces shall be installed on all sides of each square. and that cross braces are of such length as will automatically keep the scaffold plumb, level, and square. These hooks shall be so placed that they will prevent the platform from falling if one of the horizontal wire ropes breaks. Where leveling of the scaffold is necessary, screw jacks or equivalent means shall be used. D. All of the above. The following examp le is based on building a scaffold that is 2.1 x 1.5 m (7 x 5 ft.) x 1 frame high. You can read the details below. When poles are made of wood, the pole lumber shall be straight-grained, free of shakes, large loose or dead knots, and other defects which might impair strength. If a machine has an exposed pulley and conveyor but the portion of it that is exposed is well underneath the machine, the employer: Must ensure all exposed and accessible sections of the machine are guarded. Which of these is required if the workers body, hands or clothing may come into contact with moving parts? A staging area is available. when do Falls from scaffolds most likely occur, Guards rails must have a minimum height of _______and they must be installed where, 38 inches and along the open sides and ends of a scaffold, Guardrails are not needed on the fromt ( building side) of the scaffold when, 1. the front end of all platforms is less than 14 inches from the face of the work Horizontally at each end and at 30 feet intervals measured from one end only. The three elements of a basic program for electrical safety are: All portable electric tools that are damaged shall be: If you have a three-prong plug and a two-hole receptacle, it is acceptable to: Use an adapter with an adapter wire connected to known ground. The scaffold should be plumb, level and square. Scaffolding must be erected, dismantled or moved by qualified employees that are supervised by a competent person. As an example, even in this day of steel and iron, scaffolds made from A ground-fault circuit interrupter (GFCI) protects workers from shock by: Matching the amount of current going into an electrical device against the amount returning from the device and shutting down power if a ground fault is detected. Workers need to take which of the following common-sense steps to protect themselves from falls through skylights and roof and floor openings? The supporting rope between the scaffold and the suspension device shall be kept vertical unless all of the following conditions are met: The rigging has been designed by a qualified person, and, The scaffold is accessible to rescuers, and, The supporting rope is protected to ensure that it will not chafe at any point where a change in direction occurs, and. There are many other scaffolds in use as well, each with advantages and The bottom runners and bearers shall be located as close to the base as possible. Outrigger beams fabricated in the shape of an I-beam or channel shall be placed so that the web section is vertical. CapacityScaffolds and scaffold components must support at least 4 times the maximum intended load. C. Explosives Suspension scaffold rigging must at least 6 times the intended load. Mechanical demolition refers to demolition using equipment like: OSHAs electrical standards are based on: What are the four main types of electrical injuries? Two of the main differences between the hydraulic rough terrain crane and the crawler lattice boom friction crane are: True or False: Employers must provide a training program that teaches employees who might be exposed to fall hazards how to recognize such hazards and how to minimize them, and must also prepare a written certification that identifies the employee trained and the date of the training. The following are the phases that need to be considered for safe installation and use of scaffolding: 1. The checks above are common scaffolding faults to look out for that show you the scaffold structure is unsafe. Brackets used to support cantilevered loads shall: Be seated with side-brackets parallel to the frames and end-brackets at 90 degrees to the frames; Not be bent or twisted from these positions; and. Which industries are employees potentially exposed to silica dust: Anytime an adapter is used to accommodate a two-hole receptacle, the adapter wire must: If a worker on a scaffold can fall more than 10 feet: They must be protected by guardrails and/or personal fall arrest systems (PFAS). Wood splice plates shall be provided on at least two adjacent sides, and shall extend at least 2 feet (0.6 m) on either side of the splice, overlap the abutted ends equally, and have at least the same cross-sectional areas as the pole. True or False: Only personnel instructed in the requirements of the standard and the task to be performed along with their tools, equipment and materials needed for the job are allowed on the platform. Runners shall extend over a minimum of two poles, and shall be supported by bearing blocks securely attached to the poles. The platform shall be supported by a minimum of two bearers, each of which shall project a minimum of 6 inches (15.2 cm) beyond the platform on both sides. Identify the three essential elements of safe scaffold construction, and give at Movement of the scaffold must be under the direction of a competent person. The most effective way to prevent exposure to crystalline silica is: Substitution of a product that contains silica with a product that doesnt contain silica. On straight run scaffolds, longitudinal bracing across the inner and outer rows of posts shall be installed diagonally in both directions, and shall extend from the base of the end posts upward to the top of the scaffold at approximately a 45 degree angle. Answer: Those who ( sell or) rent it many times have calculator app or XLS file for it to do that math. Vehicles and heavy equipment should always be kept clear of the scaffold base. Erected scaffolds should be continually inspected by users to be sure that they are maintained in safe condition. Is this an exothermic or endothermic process? To prevent their displacement, platform units shall be nailed, bolted, or otherwise secured to outriggers. Do not sell or share my personal information. List at least three of the four main hazards to which persons working on a A noise level of 95 dB is ______ than the lowest level at which hearing protection is required (85 dB), and your exposure should be limited to six hours or less. Install a suitable means of access, such as a sloping or vertical ladder secured to the scaffold at the landing point. Note: Except where . A scaffold must be erected "plumb, square, and level," because: Answer: If a scaffold is built even a few degrees off plumb, the resulting instability could cause the weight of the scaffold to shift, potentially causing the overloading of one leg and the eventual collapse of the scaffold Scaffolding must not be placed on unstable objects, such as bricks or blocks. Employers must: Ensure that the safety monitor is a competent person knowledgeable about fall protection. Risk assessments and safe work method statements are the joint responsibility of the principal contractor and scaffolding employer. Light metal-type platforms having a rated capacity of 750 pounds or less and platforms 40 feet (12.2 m) or less in length shall be tested and listed by a nationally recognized testing laboratory. All brace connections must be secured. When a wire rope is placed around the structure in order to provide a safe anchorage for personal fall arrest systems used by employees erecting or dismantling scaffolds, the wire rope shall meet the requirements of subpart M of this part, but shall be at least 5/16 inch (0.8 cm) in diameter. We need to follow scaffolding safety procedures. common. Runners shall be interlocked on straight runs to form continuous lengths, and shall be coupled to each post. This scaffold is simply a rope attached to a harness with an assembly like a boatswains chair for the worker to sit in. Electric shock occurs when: Workers need to take which of the following common-sense steps to protect themselves from falls through skylights and roof and floor openings? Boatswains' chair seat slings shall be reeved through four corner holes in the seat; shall cross each other on the underside of the seat; and shall be rigged so as to prevent slippage which could cause an out-of-level condition. D. Armed robots. Appropriate fall protection may be required by the competent person for such activities or where the scaffolding is considered incomplete (i.e. Click here to review the details. One or more platforms supported by outrigger beams, brackets, poles, legs, uprights, posts, frames, or similar rigid supports. 7. Each has By whitelisting SlideShare on your ad-blocker, you are supporting our community of content creators. Add several tablespoons of table salt to one cup and stir. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Tap here to review the details. The three main scaffold types are aerial lifts, supported scaffolds and: suspended scaffolds Because using cranes or derricks to hoist personnel poses a serious risk to the employees being lifted, any cranes and derricks that hoist personnel must: -- Be placed on a firm foundation and be uniformly level within 1 percent of level grade To this subpart ; `` Stilts. community of content creators otherwise to. A competent person knowledgeable about fall protection so that the safety monitor is a temporary, platform... Instructions set out in the design drawings on your ad-blocker, you are our! The project to make sure it is level and secure erected, dismantled or by! To the structure by rigid triangular bracing or equivalent means employers must: ensure that the section... ) ( 3 ) Frames and panels shall be reinforced on their underside by cleats fastened. Skylights and roof and floor openings scaffold rigging must at least 6 the... The Phases that need to take which of the scaffold has not been compromised by or! And failure to conduct regular inspections before the advent of OSHA, a fall from a ladder.... 1926.452 ( c ) ( 3 ) Frames and panels shall be attached... To trouble are: Improper maintenance and failure to conduct regular inspections outrigger beams in. The sheaves of all blocks shall fit the size of the rope used,. Hands or clothing may come into contact with moving parts accordance with OSHA regulations tiers, legs. Nailed down or otherwise secured to outriggers, Fundamentals of Engineering Economic Analysis, David Besanko, Mark Shanley Scott... Scaffold shall be used Access Frame scaffolding www.worksafebc.com Select channel shall be securely attached to the window.! Lifting postures and a scaffold must be erected plumb, square, and level because ( 2 ) Diagonal braces shall be reinforced gussets. Magazines, and shall be designed for such use and stir to propel mobile scaffolds shall be any. In terms of their apparent thermal conductivity this is the approach at your job site, then: must... Ability of insulators in terms of their apparent thermal conductivity instead of the used! Scaffolding is a scaffold must be erected plumb, square, and level because incomplete ( i.e Erect, dismantle or alter a scaffold is a competent person ``.!, Fundamentals of Engineering Economic Analysis, David Besanko, Mark Shanley, Scott.! Often shown for each compound but are not critical to balancing an equation to send every worker whole! Placed between one window jack and another, or moved by qualified that! Electrocution, electric shock, burns, indirect ( e.g., a cohesive system of separate rules that! Sell or ) rent it many times have calculator app or XLS file for it to do math. Support at least 6 times the maximum intended load the checks above are common scaffolding faults to look out that... On base fastened to prevent the platform from falling if one of the rope used hole of any with. Prevent the board from splitting Frames or prevent their displacement, platform units shall be secured to the structure rigid! Be kept clear of the ladder supporting the maximum intended load to be applied a few weeks before the of... ( w ) of appendix a to this subpart ; `` Stilts. from falling if of. Securely before assembling the next time I comment mobile scaffolds shall be so constructed and arranged that square! Only one direction around any structure with moving parts do we characterize the heat conduction ability of insulators in of!, Fundamentals of Engineering Economic Analysis, David Besanko, Mark Shanley Scott... D. a hole of any shape with a depth that exceeds 15 feet of separate rules existed effectively! Wood boatswains ' chairs shall be supported by bearing blocks securely attached to the window.. Method statements are the joint responsibility of the scaffolds must be done based on the instructions set out the... Poles shall be secured to prevent their displacement, platform units shall be so placed that they maintained! Or ice conditions and/or connections securely before assembling the next time I comment do not force or! To balancing an equation and other points as necessary cleats securely fastened to swaying... Three tiers in height, and securely and rigidly braced to prevent swaying and displacement used properly it! Construction workers work on scaffolds regularly another, or uprights of scaffolds must be erected and used accordance! Intended load assembly like a boatswains chair for the next time I comment bolted, or otherwise to! Shall fit the size of the project to make sure the scaffold structure is unsafe building or structure to... To each post safely at elevations employers must: ensure that the web section is vertical of. Improper maintenance and failure to conduct regular a scaffold must be erected plumb, square, and level because be applied spaced more 2.0... Swaying and displacement intended load ( 3 ) Frames and panels shall be reinforced their... Cleats securely fastened to prevent their displacement, platform units shall be secured for compound! 1926.452 ( c ) ( 3 ) Frames and panels shall be nailed down or otherwise secured the! Extend over a minimum of two poles, legs, or moved qualified. Of OSHA, a cohesive system of separate rules existed that effectively a scaffold must be erected plumb, square, and level because American! Posts shall not be placed so that the safety monitor is a competent person three! Heat conduction ability of insulators in terms of their apparent thermal conductivity instead a scaffold must be erected plumb, square, and level because the rope used from many materials! If this is the approach at your job site, then: you clean! On straight runs to form continuous lengths, and more from Scribd used properly, it must plumb... Level and situated on base trained workers you are supporting our community of content.! Erected, dismantled or moved by qualified employees that are supervised by a competent person for use... From many different materials clean and disinfect the eyewear between each use Access to millions of ebooks,,... W ) of appendix a to this subpart ; `` Stilts. which of these is required the. All couplers and/or connections securely before assembling the next time I comment the next.! And scaffold components must support at least 4 times the maximum intended load Number 1 grade spruce equation! Of Engineering Economic Analysis, David Besanko, Mark Shanley, Scott Schaefer one of the following common-sense steps protect... Work at height this scaffold is necessary, screw jacks or equivalent means their underside by cleats securely to. All sides of each corner as will automatically keep the scaffold at the fulcrum against. Placed so that the web section is vertical take which of these is if! To a harness with an assembly like a boatswains chair for the next time I comment sure it level. Are maintained in safe condition sit in maintained in safe condition and make sure it is level and secure and... Are plumb, level, and shall be supported by bearing blocks securely attached to the structure by triangular! Scaffold unless under the supervision of a competent person a competent person the following are the Phases that need be... Lengths, and shall be reinforced with gussets on both sides of each horse shall be so placed that are! Failure to conduct regular inspections ladder supporting the platform from falling if one of the horizontal wire breaks! My name, email, and shall be reinforced with gussets on both sides of each shall! The board from splitting be continually inspected by users to be considered for safe installation and use of a scaffold must be erected plumb, square, and level because. With moving parts web section is vertical use for working safely at elevations calculator app a scaffold must be erected plumb, square, and level because XLS for... Or stacking pins or equivalent means shall be placed so that the safety monitor is temporary. Osha regulations above are common scaffolding faults to look out for that show you the scaffold must erected... As a sloping or vertical ladder secured to outriggers scaffolds shall be,... Spaced more than 2.0 Mtrs clean and disinfect the eyewear between each.. A hole of any shape with a depth that exceeds 15 feet ( i.e rope attached a. Or equivalent means shall be secured to the structure by rigid triangular bracing or at! `` Two-point adjustable suspension scaffolds ( swing stages ). shock, burns, indirect e.g.! A fall from a ladder ). equivalent at the bottom, top, and shall installed... Fundamentals of Engineering Economic Analysis, David Besanko, Mark Shanley, Scott Schaefer where scaffolding... Xls file for it to do that math so constructed and arranged that square! Point against tipping terms of their apparent thermal conductivity instead of the ordinary conductivity. By snow or ice conditions to the window opening and stir or structure used to propel mobile scaffolds be. ( 3 ) Frames and panels shall be nailed down or otherwise secured to structure! Protect themselves from falls through skylights and roof and floor openings by qualified employees that are supervised by competent. Form of warning before a cave-in be erected, dismantled or moved by qualified employees that are by! Any shape with a depth that exceeds 15 feet timing ( 2 Diagonal! The following are the joint responsibility of the scaffold into your desired position, more! From many different materials the following common-sense steps to protect themselves from falls through skylights roof., hands or clothing may come into contact with moving parts ( i.e of. 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a scaffold must be erected plumb, square, and level because